前言

Grafana 是一个开源的数据可视化和监控平台，支持多种数据源（Prometheus、InfluxDB、MySQL 等），可以通过仪表盘（Dashboard）对指标数据进行实时展示和告警。

记录使用 Grafana + InfluxDB + Telegraf 搭建服务器监控系统

项目结构

服务关联图（添加了有其他数据源的示例）：

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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        Ubuntu 服务器                         │
│  ┌──────────────┐    ┌──────────────┐    ┌──────────────┐   │
│  │  Telegraf    │──▶│  InfluxDB    │───▶│   Grafana    │   │
│  │ (采集自身+    │    │  (时序存储)   │    │  (大屏展示)   │   │
│  │  接收Win数据) │    │              │    │              │   │
│  └──────────────┘    └──────────────┘    └──────────────┘   │
│         ▲                                                   │
└─────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
          │ HTTP API (通过 InfluxDB 写入)
          │
┌─────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                      Windows 机器                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐     │
│  │  Telegraf (采集CPU/内存/磁盘/网络，直接写入InfluxDB)   │     │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘     │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

目录结构

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monitor-lab/
├── docker-compose.yml
├── influxdb/
│   └── init-scripts/
│       └── retention-policy.iql
├── grafana/
│   └── provisioning/
│       ├── datasources/
│       │   └── influxdb.yml
│       └── dashboards/
│           ├── dashboards.yml
│           └── system.json
└── telegraf/
    └── telegraf.conf

部署

创建目录

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mkdir -p monitor-lab/{influxdb/init-scripts,grafana/provisioning/{datasources,dashboards},telegraf}
cd monitor-lab

配置文件

  1. .env
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# ================================================================
# 生产环境变量配置文件
# ⚠️ 重要：此文件包含敏感信息，务必加入 .gitignore，不要提交到代码仓库！
# ================================================================

# ---------- 时区 ----------
# 设置容器的时区，影响日志时间和数据时间戳
# 中国标准时间 = Asia/Shanghai
TZ=Asia/Shanghai

# ---------- InfluxDB 认证信息 ----------
# 管理员用户名 - 用于登录InfluxDB UI和执行管理操作
# 生产环境建议使用复杂且唯一的用户名
INFLUXDB_ADMIN_USER=prod_admin

# 管理员密码 - 必须使用高强度密码！
# 要求：至少12位，包含大小写字母、数字、特殊字符
INFLUXDB_ADMIN_PASSWORD=YourStrongP@ssw0rd_2026!

# 组织名称 - InfluxDB 2.x 中的组织概念，用于资源隔离
# 可以理解为一个租户或项目分组
INFLUXDB_ORG=myorg

# 存储桶名称 - 类似数据库中的"表"，用于存放时序数据
# 所有监控数据都会写入这个存储桶
INFLUXDB_BUCKET=telegraf

# ---------- Grafana 认证信息 ----------
# Grafana 管理员用户名
GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=admin

# Grafana 管理员密码 - 同样需要高强度密码
GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=Grafana@Prod#2026

# ---------- 数据生命周期 ----------
# 数据保留天数：超过此天数的原始数据将被自动删除
# 权衡：保留越长，查询历史趋势越远，但存储成本越高
# 生产环境建议 30-90 天，可根据业务需要调整
RETENTION_DAYS=30
  1. docker-compose.yml
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# ================================================================
# Docker Compose 配置文件 - 生产环境设备监控系统
# 版本 3.8 支持 deploy.resources 等生产级特性
# ================================================================
version: '3.8'

# ---------- 自定义网络 ----------
# 创建专属网络，让容器之间通过容器名（如 influxdb）互相访问
# 好处：不依赖宿主机IP，容器重启后IP变化也不影响通信
networks:
  monitor-net:
    # 网络名称，在宿主机上执行 docker network ls 可见
    name: monitor-net
    # bridge 是默认网络驱动，适合单机部署
    driver: bridge
    # 生产环境可配置 MTU（最大传输单元），避免网络包过大导致的问题
    # 如果网络环境有特殊要求（如VPN、隧道），可以调整此值
    # driver_opts:
    #   com.docker.network.driver.mtu: 1450

# ---------- 服务定义 ----------
services:

  # =============================================================
  # 服务1: InfluxDB - 时序数据库
  # 职责：存储所有监控指标数据，提供查询API
  # =============================================================
  influxdb:
    # 使用官方 2.7 版本镜像，稳定且长期支持
    image: influxdb:2.7
    # 容器名称，便于 docker ps 和 docker logs 识别
    container_name: influxdb
    # 容器内部主机名，其他容器可通过此名称访问
    hostname: influxdb
    # 加入自定义网络
    networks:
      - monitor-net
    # ---------- 端口映射 ----------
    ports:
      # 格式：宿主机IP:宿主机端口:容器端口
      # "127.0.0.1:8086:8086" 表示只监听本机回环地址
      # ⚠️ 生产环境不直接暴露端口，通过 Nginx 反向代理对外提供服务
      # 好处：① 防止外部直接攻击数据库 ② 统一入口便于管理TLS证书
      - 8086:8086
    # ---------- 数据卷挂载 ----------
    volumes:
      # 命名卷：存放InfluxDB数据文件
      # 使用命名卷而非直接挂载目录的原因：
      # ① Docker自动管理权限，不会出现 Permission Denied
      # ② 数据与代码分离，项目目录保持整洁
      # ③ 便于备份和迁移（docker volume 命令统一管理）
      - influxdb-storage:/var/lib/influxdb2

      # 绑定挂载：初始化脚本目录（只读）
      # 容器启动时会自动执行此目录下的脚本
      # :ro 表示只读，防止容器意外修改宿主机文件
      - ./influxdb/init-scripts:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d:ro
    # ---------- 环境变量 ----------
    environment:
      # 启用初始化模式（必须设置为 setup）
      - DOCKER_INFLUXDB_INIT_MODE=setup
      # 管理员用户名（必须与 .env 中的 INFLUXDB_ADMIN_USER 一致）
      - DOCKER_INFLUXDB_INIT_USERNAME=prod_admin
      # 管理员密码（必须与 .env 中的 INFLUXDB_ADMIN_PASSWORD 一致）
      - DOCKER_INFLUXDB_INIT_PASSWORD=YourStrongP@ssw0rd_2026!
      # 组织名称（必须与 .env 中的 INFLUXDB_ORG 一致）
      - DOCKER_INFLUXDB_INIT_ORG=myorg
      # 存储桶名称（必须与 .env 中的 INFLUXDB_BUCKET 一致）
      - DOCKER_INFLUXDB_INIT_BUCKET=telegraf
      # 数据保留策略：30天 = 720小时
      - DOCKER_INFLUXDB_INIT_RETENTION=720h
      # 管理员 Token（格式：用户名:密码，Grafana 将使用此 Token 连接）
      - DOCKER_INFLUXDB_INIT_ADMIN_TOKEN=prod_admin:YourStrongP@ssw0rd_2026!

      # 从 .env 文件读取，避免硬编码
      - INFLUXDB_DB=telegraf
      - INFLUXDB_ADMIN_USER=prod_admin
      - INFLUXDB_ADMIN_PASSWORD=YourStrongP@ssw0rd_2026!
      # 启用HTTP认证，所有请求都需要携带Token
      - INFLUXDB_HTTP_AUTH_ENABLED=true
      - TZ=${TZ}
    # ---------- 重启策略 ----------
    restart: unless-stopped
    # unless-stopped 含义：除非手动停止，否则始终自动重启
    # 适用场景：宿主机重启、容器崩溃等情况
    # ---------- 资源限制 ----------
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          # CPU限制：最多使用2个核心
          # 防止容器占用过多CPU导致宿主机卡顿
          cpus: '2.0'
          # 内存限制：最多使用2GB
          # 超出限制会被内核OOM Killer杀死，然后由restart策略重启
          memory: 2G
        reservations:
          # 资源预留：保证至少有0.5核和512MB可用
          # 调度器会优先保证预留资源
          cpus: '0.5'
          memory: 512M
    # ---------- 健康检查 ----------
    healthcheck:
      # 测试命令：curl访问 /health 端点，返回200表示健康
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8086/health"]
      # 每30秒检查一次
      interval: 30s
      # 单次检查超时时间
      timeout: 5s
      # 连续失败3次才标记为 unhealthy
      retries: 3
      # 启动后等待30秒才开始检查（给服务启动留足时间）
      start_period: 30s
    # ---------- 日志配置 ----------
    logging:
      # 使用JSON File驱动，将日志写入宿主机文件
      driver: "json-file"
      options:
        # 单个日志文件最大50MB
        max-size: "50m"
        # 最多保留3个文件（总日志量 ≤ 150MB）
        # 防止日志无限增长撑爆磁盘
        max-file: "3"

  # =============================================================
  # 服务2: Grafana - 可视化大屏
  # 职责：提供Web界面，展示监控数据，配置告警
  # =============================================================
  grafana:
    # 使用企业版镜像，包含更多功能和插件支持
    image: grafana/grafana-enterprise:latest
    container_name: grafana
    hostname: grafana
    networks:
      - monitor-net
    ports:
      # 同样只监听本地，通过Nginx代理对外
      - 3000:3000
    volumes:
      # 绑定挂载：provisioning目录（只读）
      # 包含数据源和仪表盘的自动配置
      # 好处：配置即代码，便于版本控制和批量部署
      - ./grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning:ro

      # 命名卷：存放Grafana配置数据库（SQLite）、插件、用户数据
      # 所有仪表盘配置、数据源配置、用户信息都在此
      # 备份此卷即可完整恢复Grafana
      - grafana-storage:/var/lib/grafana
    environment:
      # ---------- 认证配置 ----------
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER=${GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_USER}
      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=${GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD}

      # ---------- 服务器配置 ----------
      # 根URL：必须设置正确的域名，否则回调地址可能出错
      #- GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL=https://monitor.yourcompany.com
      # 强制匹配域名，防止Host头攻击
      #- GF_SERVER_ENFORCE_DOMAIN=true

      # ---------- 安全配置 ----------
      # 禁用登录表单（如使用OAuth可开启）
      - GF_AUTH_DISABLE_LOGIN_FORM=false
      # 禁用匿名访问（生产环境必须关闭）
      - GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED=false

      # ---------- 插件 ----------
      # 启动时自动安装额外插件
      # 时钟面板：显示美观的时钟
      # JSON数据源：支持从HTTP API读取数据
      - GF_INSTALL_PLUGINS=grafana-clock-panel,grafana-simple-json-datasource

      - TZ=${TZ}
    restart: unless-stopped
    # ---------- 依赖关系 ----------
    depends_on:
      influxdb:
        # condition: service_healthy 表示等待 InfluxDB 健康后才启动
        # 比默认的 depends_on 更可靠，确保数据源就绪
        condition: service_healthy
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '1.0'
          memory: 1G
        reservations:
          cpus: '0.25'
          memory: 256M
    healthcheck:
      # Grafana 的健康检查端点
      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/api/health"]
      interval: 30s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 30s
    logging:
      driver: "json-file"
      options:
        max-size: "50m"
        max-file: "3"

  # =============================================================
  # 服务3: Telegraf - Ubuntu本机数据采集
  # 职责：采集宿主机的CPU、内存、磁盘、网络等系统指标
  # =============================================================
  telegraf-ubuntu:
    image: telegraf:latest
    container_name: telegraf-ubuntu
    # 设置主机名，作为数据标签（tag）的一部分
    # 在Grafana中可以用 host="ubuntu-server" 筛选数据
    hostname: ubuntu-server
    networks:
      - monitor-net
    # ---------- 特权挂载 ----------
    volumes:
      # 配置文件挂载（只读）
      - ./telegraf/telegraf-ubuntu.conf:/etc/telegraf/telegraf.conf:ro

      # 挂载Docker套接字，用于采集容器指标
      # :ro 表示只读，安全考虑不授予写入权限
      - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro

      # 挂载宿主机的 /proc 文件系统，获取进程和系统信息
      # /proc 是Linux内核提供的虚拟文件系统，包含运行时信息
      - /proc:/host/proc:ro

      # 挂载 /sys 文件系统，获取硬件和设备信息
      - /sys:/host/sys:ro

      # 挂载根文件系统，用于磁盘使用率统计
      - /:/host:ro
    # ---------- 环境变量 ----------
    environment:
      # Telegraf 默认读取 /proc，但容器内需要指向宿主机的挂载点
      - HOST_PROC=/host/proc
      - HOST_SYS=/host/sys
      - HOST_ROOT=/host
      - TZ=${TZ}
    restart: unless-stopped
    depends_on:
      influxdb:
        condition: service_healthy
    deploy:
      resources:
        limits:
          cpus: '0.5'
          memory: 256M
        reservations:
          cpus: '0.1'
          memory: 64M
    logging:
      driver: "json-file"
      options:
        max-size: "20m"
        max-file: "2"

# ================================================================
# 数据卷声明
# 所有命名卷必须在这里显式声明
# ================================================================
volumes:
  # InfluxDB 数据卷
  influxdb-storage:
    # 指定卷名称，不指定则自动生成随机名称
    name: influxdb-storage
    # 生产环境可配置外部存储驱动（如NFS、云存储）
    # 便于多机共享数据或迁移
    # driver_opts:
    #   type: nfs
    #   o: addr=192.168.1.100,rw,noatime
    #   device: :/exports/influxdb

  # Grafana 数据卷
  grafana-storage:
    name: grafana-storage

  1. telegraf/telegraf-ubuntu.conf
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# ================================================================
# Telegraf 配置文件 - Ubuntu 系统指标采集
# ================================================================

[global_tags]
  host = "ubuntu-server"
  env = "production"

[agent]
  interval = "30s"
  flush_interval = "30s"
  metric_batch_size = 5000
  metric_buffer_limit = 50000
  collection_jitter = "0s"

# ===== 输出到 InfluxDB =====
[[outputs.influxdb_v2]]
  urls = ["http://influxdb:8086"]
  token = "prod_admin:YourStrongP@ssw0rd_2026!"
  organization = "myorg"
  bucket = "telegraf"
  content_encoding = "gzip"

# ===== CPU =====
[[inputs.cpu]]
  percpu = false
  totalcpu = true
  fieldpass = ["usage_user", "usage_system", "usage_idle"]

# ===== 内存 =====
[[inputs.mem]]
  fieldpass = ["used_percent", "available", "used", "total"]

# ===== 磁盘 =====
[[inputs.disk]]
  ignore_fs = ["tmpfs", "devtmpfs", "devfs", "iso9660", "overlay", "aufs", "squashfs"]
  fieldpass = ["used_percent", "free", "total"]

# ===== 磁盘 I/O =====
[[inputs.diskio]]
  fieldpass = ["read_bytes", "write_bytes", "read_time", "write_time"]

# ===== 网络 =====
[[inputs.net]]
  interfaces = ["eth0", "ens*", "enp*", "bond*"]
  fieldpass = ["bytes_sent", "bytes_recv", "packets_sent", "packets_recv"]

# ===== 系统负载 =====
[[inputs.system]]
  fieldpass = ["load1", "load5", "load15"]

# ===== 进程 =====
[[inputs.processes]]
  fieldpass = ["total", "running", "sleeping", "zombies"]
  1. grafana/provisioning/datasources/influxdb.yml
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# ================================================================
# Grafana 数据源自动配置
# 容器启动时自动加载，无需手动配置
# ================================================================

apiVersion: 1

datasources:
  # 数据源名称，在Grafana UI中显示
  - name: InfluxDB
    # 数据源类型
    type: influxdb
    # 访问方式：proxy 表示通过Grafana后端代理请求
    # 优点：避免跨域问题，统一认证
    access: proxy
    # InfluxDB 服务地址（容器内访问）
    url: http://influxdb:8086
    # 数据库名称（兼容1.x语法）
    database: telegraf
    # 设为默认数据源，新建面板时自动选中
    isDefault: true
    # 敏感信息（加密存储）
    secureJsonData:
      # InfluxDB 2.x 使用Token认证
      token: ${INFLUXDB_ADMIN_USER}:${INFLUXDB_ADMIN_PASSWORD}
    # 常规配置
    jsonData:
      # 使用Flux查询语言（InfluxDB 2.x推荐）
      version: Flux
      # 组织名称
      organization: myorg
      # 默认存储桶
      defaultBucket: telegraf
      # HTTP方法
      httpMode: POST
  1. grafana/provisioning/dashboards/dashboards.yml
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# ================================================================
# Grafana 仪表盘自动加载配置
# 将 JSON 格式的仪表盘文件自动导入
# ================================================================

apiVersion: 1

providers:
  # 提供者名称，可配置多个
  - name: 'default'
    # 所属组织ID（默认1）
    orgId: 1
    # 文件夹名称（在Grafana中分类）
    folder: ''
    # 提供者类型：file 表示从文件系统读取
    type: file
    # 是否允许更新已存在的仪表盘
    # true 表示如果仪表盘ID相同，会覆盖更新
    allowUiUpdates: true
    options:
      # 仪表盘JSON文件存放路径（容器内路径）
      path: /etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards

快速启动命令

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1. 进入项目目录
cd ~/monitor-lab

2. 后台启动所有服务
docker compose up -d

3. 查看运行状态
docker compose ps

4. 查看实时日志
docker compose logs -f

5. 停止所有服务
docker compose down

6. 重启所有服务
docker compose restart

7. 重启指定服务
docker compose restart influxdb
docker compose restart grafana
docker compose restart telegraf-ubuntu

Grafana 监控

访问 Grafana 监控界面

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http://localhost:3000

grafana 仪表盘json导入

可获得的模板社区链接：

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{
  "title": "Ubuntu 系统监控",
  "uid": "ubuntu-system-monitor",
  "tags": ["ubuntu", "system", "telegraf", "production"],
  "timezone": "browser",
  "schemaVersion": 36,
  "version": 0,
  "refresh": "30s",
  "panels": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "title": "CPU 使用率",
      "type": "timeseries",
      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 0},
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"cpu\" and r._field == \"usage_user\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"用户态使用率\" })) |> yield(name: \"用户态使用率\")",
          "refId": "A"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"cpu\" and r._field == \"usage_system\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"系统态使用率\" })) |> yield(name: \"系统态使用率\")",
          "refId": "B"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"cpu\" and r._field == \"usage_idle\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"空闲率\" })) |> yield(name: \"空闲率\")",
          "refId": "C"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"cpu\" and r._field == \"usage_iowait\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"I/O 等待\" })) |> yield(name: \"I/O 等待\")",
          "refId": "D"
        }
      ],
      "options": {
        "legend": {"displayMode": "table", "placement": "bottom", "calcs": ["mean", "max", "last"]},
        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi", "sort": "desc"}
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "unit": "percent",
          "max": 100,
          "min": 0,
          "color": {"mode": "palette-classic"},
          "custom": {"lineWidth": 2, "fillOpacity": 20, "drawStyle": "line", "lineInterpolation": "smooth"}
        },
        "overrides": [
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "空闲率"}, "properties": [{"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "green", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "用户态使用率"}, "properties": [{"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "blue", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "系统态使用率"}, "properties": [{"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "red", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "I/O 等待"}, "properties": [{"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "orange", "mode": "fixed"}}]}
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 2,
      "title": "内存使用率",
      "type": "timeseries",
      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 0},
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"mem\" and r._field == \"used_percent\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"已用百分比\" })) |> yield(name: \"已用百分比\")",
          "refId": "A"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"mem\" and r._field == \"available\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"可用内存\" })) |> yield(name: \"可用内存\")",
          "refId": "B"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"mem\" and r._field == \"used\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"已用内存\" })) |> yield(name: \"已用内存\")",
          "refId": "C"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"mem\" and r._field == \"total\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"总内存\" })) |> yield(name: \"总内存\")",
          "refId": "D"
        }
      ],
      "options": {
        "legend": {"displayMode": "table", "placement": "bottom", "calcs": ["mean", "max", "last"]},
        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi"}
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "unit": "percent",
          "max": 100,
          "min": 0,
          "color": {"mode": "palette-classic"},
          "custom": {"lineWidth": 2, "fillOpacity": 20, "drawStyle": "line", "lineInterpolation": "smooth"}
        },
        "overrides": [
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "可用内存"}, "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "bytes"}, {"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "green", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "已用内存"}, "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "bytes"}, {"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "orange", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "总内存"}, "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "bytes"}, {"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "blue", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "已用百分比"}, "properties": [{"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "red", "mode": "fixed"}}]}
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 3,
      "title": "磁盘使用率",
      "type": "timeseries",
      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 0, "y": 8},
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"disk\" and r._field == \"used_percent\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"磁盘使用率\" })) |> yield(name: \"磁盘使用率\")",
          "refId": "A"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"disk\" and r._field == \"free\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"剩余空间\" })) |> yield(name: \"剩余空间\")",
          "refId": "B"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"disk\" and r._field == \"total\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"总空间\" })) |> yield(name: \"总空间\")",
          "refId": "C"
        }
      ],
      "options": {
        "legend": {"displayMode": "table", "placement": "bottom", "calcs": ["mean", "max", "last"]},
        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi"}
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "unit": "percent",
          "max": 100,
          "min": 0,
          "color": {"mode": "palette-classic"},
          "custom": {"lineWidth": 2, "fillOpacity": 20, "drawStyle": "line", "lineInterpolation": "smooth"}
        },
        "overrides": [
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "剩余空间"}, "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "bytes"}, {"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "green", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "总空间"}, "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "bytes"}, {"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "blue", "mode": "fixed"}}]}
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 4,
      "title": "网络流量",
      "type": "timeseries",
      "gridPos": {"h": 8, "w": 12, "x": 12, "y": 8},
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"net\" and r._field == \"bytes_recv\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"接收流量\" })) |> yield(name: \"接收流量\")",
          "refId": "A"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"net\" and r._field == \"bytes_sent\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"发送流量\" })) |> yield(name: \"发送流量\")",
          "refId": "B"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"net\" and r._field == \"packets_recv\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"接收包数\" })) |> yield(name: \"接收包数\")",
          "refId": "C"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"net\" and r._field == \"packets_sent\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> aggregateWindow(every: 1m, fn: mean) |> map(fn: (r) => ({ r with _field: \"发送包数\" })) |> yield(name: \"发送包数\")",
          "refId": "D"
        }
      ],
      "options": {
        "legend": {"displayMode": "table", "placement": "bottom", "calcs": ["mean", "max", "last"]},
        "tooltip": {"mode": "multi"}
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "unit": "bps",
          "color": {"mode": "palette-classic"},
          "custom": {"lineWidth": 2, "fillOpacity": 20, "drawStyle": "line", "lineInterpolation": "smooth"}
        },
        "overrides": [
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "接收流量"}, "properties": [{"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "blue", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "发送流量"}, "properties": [{"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "red", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "接收包数"}, "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "short"}, {"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "green", "mode": "fixed"}}]},
          {"matcher": {"id": "byName", "options": "发送包数"}, "properties": [{"id": "unit", "value": "short"}, {"id": "color", "value": {"fixedColor": "orange", "mode": "fixed"}}]}
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": 5,
      "title": "CPU 核心数",
      "type": "stat",
      "gridPos": {"h": 4, "w": 3, "x": 0, "y": 16},
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {"type": "influxdb", "uid": "influxdb-1"},
          "query": "from(bucket: \"telegraf\") |> range(start: v.timeRangeStart, stop: v.timeRangeStop) |> filter(fn: (r) => r._measurement == \"cpu\" and r._field == \"usage_user\" and r.host == \"ubuntu-server\") |> last